Heat stress is a growing concern in beef and dairy cattle worldwide and can impact both animal health and performance. Results of a survey confirm the impact of heat stress on rumen efficiency as shown by practical indicators such as rumination, grain digestion, locomotion and milk composition. This white paper provides relevant criteria to assess heat stress; guidelines for measuring rumen efficiency; and practical tips for alleviating heat stress. In particular, the use of live yeast is gaining global attention as a promising tool in heat stress management strategies.